They are particularly well known in the Pacific Ocean where they were targeted for commercial extraction during several pilot-mining initiatives that took place in the 70’s of XX century. The nodules are known to occur on the vast abyssal plains at water depths over 4,000 m. These three metals, plus copper, are found in one promising type of high tonnage mineral deposit: the polymetallic nodules. It will be also critical in changing the growth paradigm towards a sustainable economy based on increased efficiency and use of renewable energy resources with the least amount of resource use and environmental harm.Ĭobalt, nickel and manganese are considered to be amongst the strategic metals that will play a crucial role in this change. The use of mineral resources has always been critical for the development of new industries, modern technologies, and medical tools.
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